The Review of the Royal Charter for the BBC should talk place over the Current Charter term
Charter term
Beyond the mid-term funding review H.M. Government needs to
be realistic about the BBC's long-term sustainability. A thorough review of the
purposes of public sector broadcasting cannot be delayed indefinitely; CUT
would suggest that that review should take place over the course of the current
Charter period so that transition from the present model may begin at the end
of this Charter term.
Flattening the Media landscape
We are all aware that the BBC describes its public purposes
as being “to inform, to educate and to entertain”; the question now is whether
a public sector broadcaster is necessary or desirable for these purposes. If it
is not, is there any purpose for which such a broadcaster might be desirable?
The BBC was constituted as a public corporation (i.e. what would later become
known as a quango) because it was believed that broadcasting could only develop
if it were developed by a monopoly supplier with some means of deriving an
income from its work. The truth of this claim was always questionable, but it
is of more than historic interest as it is the basis for the notion that the
BBC should have public purposes befitting its status as a public body and for
the idea of universality (something for everybody). Within a decade of
incorporation the original purpose of that incorporation had ceased to be
relevant, if it ever was, and the BBC's public status and guaranteed income
would have been recognised as obsolete were it not for a political campaign in
its favour centred on the absence of alternatives, its possible usefulness in
the event of war, the growing number of state broadcasters abroad, and the
claim that a free market would not fulfil the stated public purposes. Even then
all the claims made in favour of the BBC were highly questionable, and they can
have no possible relevance now, yet this created the context in which this
issue is being debated today. Our contention is that it is time to relegate all
such claims, and any inferences drawn from them in the past to history and to
rethink public sector broadcasting under today's conditions. Please note that
in referring to the Arts Council below we do not intend to comment on the
future of the Arts Council, we simply judge it likely that approximately the
same functions will be carried out by a public or charitable body or network
for the foreseeable future; we also use the term in the singular to refer to
the Arts Council structures taken together in their totality in accordance with
the original usage of the name.
Incorporation brought monopoly status with it, enabling the
BBC to use the machinery of government to destroy its UK rivals. It prevented
the development of other companies based in this country and strenuously
opposed all attempts to remedy the situation for as long as it could. Within a
decade of incorporation, however, British listeners were able to enjoy
sponsorship- or advertising-funded programmes transmitted from the Continent,
and audiences demonstrated a clear preference for plural rather than monopoly
provision. The BBC has never ceased to act in its own interests to retard
development as far as possible, to catch up by reluctantly providing more
popular programmes when rivals emerged, to lobby against any rivals, and to
assert a claim (now unspoken) that, being itself a provider of a comprehensive
service, no alternative to it is necessary or desirable. We would never claim
that the BBC has not achieved a great deal, but would seek to remind interested
parties that its achievements have all been matched elsewhere, either by commercial
or advertising-funded broadcasters, or else, in the educational sphere, by
Government agencies and charities. The 2015–16 consultation exercise appeared
to presuppose the continuation of a large-scale, comprehensive BBC when that
should be brought very much into question.
Universality is a legacy of the monopoly the BBC persuaded
Mr. Baldwin's administration to grant, and is today an obligation arising from
the BBC's current funding model. There are two aspects to universality, namely
production and content. If all viewers (formerly listeners) are obliged to pay
for the BBC, it must be obliged to provide 'something for everyone';
alternatively, it might be obliged to provide programmes of universal relevance
whether or not they appeal to the audience e.g. programmes on recent or
proposed legislation. On the technical side there is an obligation to maintain
the infrastructure to broadcast to all parts of this country and anywhere
identified as providing an appropriate audience for the World Service. There is
also the associated matter of the geographical distribution of places from
which the BBC broadcasts. It should be made explicit that all property held by
the BBC is public property; title to any property that is owned rather than
leased should be vested in a Government Department. Use of these assets should
be available to other broadcasters subject to arrangements administered by the
DCLG's Local Government and Public Services Group, use of all broadcasting
studios (owned or leased) should be subject to similar arrangements. We would
envisage a variation of terms to discriminate between commercial and community
broadcasters. The sale of properties and privatisation of broadcasting
infrastructure may be considered at a later date when H.M. Government finds it
convenient to do so.
Public purposes: Re-evaluation and reform
Several attempts have been made to define the 'public
purposes' of the BBC, beginning with Lord Reith's historic formula, but what is
necessary now is not a new statement of purposes or values amplifying or
clarifying that formulation, but an objective re-evaluation of what should
continue to be produced and broadcast by the public sector broadcaster. A brief
look at the historic formula reveals how deep that re-evaluation needs to be.
By Prayer Crusader St Philip Howard